| |
"un" Suffixes |
|
| -on = "un" |
common London apron
pardon person reckon summon carbon |
Vol. 8
832-851 |
| -an = "un" |
urban human African
pagan slogan veteran Mexican Canadian
American |
Vol. 8
852-856 |
| -en = "un" |
leaden rotten dozen
deaden lengthen listen widen lengthen happen |
Vol. 8
857-860 |
| -in = "un" |
robin Franklin
assassin toxin bulletin insulin |
Vol. 8
861-862 |
| -ion = "yun" |
opinion union reunion
onions rebellion battalion communion |
Vols. 8/9
837 & 935 |
| -ian = "yun" |
Italian civilian
Sicilian Canadian Indian |
Vols. 8/9 853 & 936 |
| -ain = "un" |
mountain certain
chieftain fountain bargain |
Vol. 4
419 |
| |
"unt" Suffixes |
|
| -ant = "unt" |
elegant ignorant
significant applicant occupant lieutenant |
Vol. 2
254 |
| -ent = "unt" |
different convenient
innocent confident residents |
Vol. 2
255 |
| |
"un-ss"
Suffixes |
|
| -ance = "un-ss" |
elegance ignorance
significance inheritance defiance |
Vol. 2
258 |
| -ence = "un-ss"
|
violence coincidence
experience evidence obedience |
Vol. 2
260 |
| |
"und" Suffixes |
|
| -and = "und" |
Ireland Scotland
Holland England Portland Maryland island |
Vol. 2
281 |
| |
"ur"
Suffixes |
|
| -or = "ur" |
labor
neighbor harbor
rigor valor color
humor glamor |
Vol. 6
675-681 |
| -our = "ur" |
labour neighbour
harbour rigour valour colour humour glamour |
Vol. 6
682 |
| -ar = "ur" |
muscular cedar
scholar popular particular peculiar |
Vol. 6
673-674 |
| -ir = "ur" |
nadir elixir astir
tapir kaffir bestir |
Vol. 6
675 |
| |
"ul"
Suffixes |
|
| el = "ul" |
label angel camel
panel chapel barrel weasel travel |
Vol. 6
624-627 |
| al = "ul" |
verbal medal decimal
criminal trial rival withdrawal |
Vol. 8
818-827 |
| ol = "ul" |
symbol idol pistol
carol gambol petrol Bristol capitol |
Vol. 6
628 |
| ul = "ul" |
mogul consul eyeful
truthful respectful |
Vol. 6
629-631 |
| |
"AK," "EK" & "IK" Suffixes |
|
| -ac = "ak" |
maniac zodiac shellac
cognac almanac kleptomaniac |
Vol. 8
801 |
| -ec = "ek" |
Aztek Alec |
Vol. 8
801 |
| -ic = "ik" |
cubic Nordic terrific
tragic psychic frolic cosmic picnic |
Vol. 8
802-816 |
| |
"uh KUL" Suffixes |
|
| -ical = "uh
KUL" |
chemical technical
historical mathematical |
Vol. 8
802-816 |
| -acal = "uh
kul" |
maniacal
kleptomaniacal xenomaniacal pyromaniacal |
Vol. 8
801 |
| |
"uh BUL" Suffixes |
|
| -able = "uh
bul" |
probable readable
noticeable available variable |
Vol. 6
613-621 |
| -ible = "uh
bul" |
possible edible
credible compatible irresistible |
Vol. 6
621-623 |
| |
"uh TEE" Suffixes |
|
| ity = "uh
TEE" |
probability
possibility reality legality nationality |
Vol. 7
730-738 |
| ety = "uh
TEE" |
variety society piety
anxiety fidgety notoriety |
Vol. 7
729 |
| |
"us" Suffixes
Also combine with ci, ti, xi, gi, & ge
digraphs |
|
| -ous = "us" |
tremendous fabulous
ridiculous famous poisonous |
Vol. 8
867-874 |
| -ious = EE us |
envious previous
dubious amphibious studious |
Vol. 8
868-871 |
| -eous = EE us |
hideous igneous
miscellaneous spontaneous |
Vol. 8
867 |
| |
ci = "sh" combines with
-ous, -on, -an, -al, -ent, -a, & -o Suffixes |
|
| -cious =
"shus" |
precious suspicious
gracious ferocious delicious |
Vol. 8
868 |
| -cion =
"shun" |
suspicion coercion |
Vol. 8
837 |
| -cian =
"shun" |
magician physician
electrician musician politician |
Vol. 8
854 |
| -cial =
"shul" |
racial commercial
special social crucial artificial |
Vol. 8
818 |
| -cient =
"shunt" |
efficient deficient
sufficient ancient coefficient |
Vol. 9
912 |
| -cia = "shuh" |
Marcia Felicia Alicia
Patricia |
Vol. 9
912 |
| -cio = "shoh" |
Ignacio pasticcio
libeccio braggadocio |
Vol. 9
912 |
| |
ti = "sh" combines with
-ous, -on, -an, -al, -ent, -a, & -o Suffixes |
|
| -tious =
"shus" |
ambitious infectious
repetitious cautious |
Vol. 8
870-871 |
| -tion =
"shun" |
ambitions infections
repetitions cautions |
Vol. 8
838-851 |
| -tial = "shul" |
partial initial
credentials essential sequential martial |
Vol. 8
825 |
| -tient =
"shunt" |
patient quotient
sentient impatient insentient |
Vol. 9
914 |
| -tia = "shuh" |
militia inertia
Portia Nova Scotia dementia |
Vol. 9
914 |
| -tio = "shoh" |
ratio Horatio |
Vol. 9
914 |
| |
xi = "sh" combines only with -ous
|
|
| -xious = "shus" |
anxious noxious
obnoxious fluxious influxious |
Vol. 9
917 |
| |
Consonant + si digraph combines with
-on |
|
| -sion =
"shun" |
tension expulsion
expansion suspension comprehension |
Vol. 8
836 |
| |
ss = "sh" combines with -ure |
|
| -ssure =
"shur" |
assure reassure
pressure fissure |
Vol. 9
915 |
| |
ssi = "sh" combines with -on & -an |
|
| -ssion =
"shun" |
passion compassion
impression obsession admission |
Vol. 8
834 |
| -ssian = "shun" |
Russian Prussian
Hessian |
Vol. 9
916 |
| |
si = "zh" combines with -a, -an &
-on |
|
| -sia = "zhuh" |
Asia euthanasia
Tunisia anesthesia amnesia Persia |
Vol. 9
917 |
| -sian = "zhun" |
Asian Caucasian
artesian Persian Eurasian |
Vol. 9
917 |
| -sion = "zhun" |
vision invasion
contusions exclusion corrosion explosion |
Vol. 9
918 |
| |
s = "zh" combines with -ure |
|
| -sure = "zhur" |
pleasure exposure
leisure treasure measure |
Vol. 9
919 |
| |
t = "ch" combines with -ue, -ure,
-une |
|
| -tue = "choo" |
virtue statue habitué
("huh BICH choo AY") |
Vol. 9
923 |
| -ture = "chur" |
feature nature
fracture picture culture furniture vulture |
Vol. 9
923-924 |
| -tune = "chun" |
fortune fortunate
unfortunate misfortune |
Vol. 9
924 |
| |
ti = "ch" combines with -an and -on |
|
| -tian = "chun" |
Christian Sebastian
Christianity |
Vol. 9
854 |
| -tion = "chun" |
question suggestion
combustion exhaustion indigestion |
Vol. 8
851 |
| |
gi = "j" combines with -on & -ous |
|
| -gion = "jun" |
region religion
legion contagion regional |
Vol. 9
920 |
| -gious =
"jus" |
religious contagious
sacrilegious prodigious prestigious |
Vol. 9
920 |
| |
gi = "j" combines with -on, -ous, &
-ant |
|
| -geon = "jun" |
surgeon dungeon
bludgeon pigeon |
Vol. 9
920 |
| -geous =
"jus" |
courageous gorgeous
outrageous advantageous |
Vol. 9
920 |
| -geant =
"junt" |
pageant sergeant
pageantry |
Vol. 9
920 |
| |
gu & gue = "g" |
|
| -gu = "guh" |
guild guise disguise
guitar guilt guilty Guinness |
Vol. 9
921 |
| -gue = "guh" |
fatigue morgue vague
league plague intrigue |
Vol. 9
921 |
| |
|
|
| |
In words whose base is polysyllabic
the "SILENT E" does NOT
make the vowel say its name!"
|
|
| -age = "ij" |
cabbage garbage
carriage marriage sausage percentage |
Vol. 3
327 |
| -age = "AH'zh" |
garage mirage
sabotage camouflage entourage barrage |
Vol. 9
919 |
| -ige = "EE'zh" |
prestige (c.f. loge,
rouge, deluge) |
Vol. 9
919 |
| |
|
|
| -ace = "iss" |
menace palace terrace
furnace solace tenace |
Vol. 3
343 |
| -ice = "iss" |
service cowardice
chalice armistice Eunice notice |
Vol. 3
343 |
| -ice = "EE-ss" |
police Bernice (Nice,
France) policemen |
Vol. 3
344 |
| |
|
|
| -ate = "it" |
private appropriate
certificates illiterate ultimate |
Vol. 3
354-355 |
| -ite = "it" |
definite exquisite
prerequisite composite hypocrite |
Vol. 3
357 |
| -ite = "eet" |
petite elite suite |
Vol. 3
358 |
| |
|
|
| -ile = "il" |
agile fragile futile
fertile sterile facile docile |
Vol. 3
330 |
| -ile = "eel" |
Mobile, automobile,
Castile |
Vol. 3
330 |
| |
|
|
| -ine = "in" |
feminine masculine
genuine discipline imagine Catherine |
Vol. 3
338 |
| -ine = "een" |
gasoline submarine
ravine machine quarantine sardines |
Vol. 3
336 |
| |
|
|
| |
In words that
entered English from the French the letters
ch make the "sh" and the letters qu = "k"
|
|
| ch = "sh" |
chef chute parachute
cache mustache crèche charades |
Vol. 9
909-910 |
| ique = "eek" |
technique unique
pique Monique antique boutique |
Vol. 9
901 |
| sque = "sk" |
Basque picturesque
mosque bisque burlesque grotesque |
Vol. 9
902 |
| |
In words that entered English from
the German the letters sch = "sh"
|
|
| sch = "sch" |
Schick Schmidt schuss
Schneider schlimazel schlep |
Vol. 9
911 |
| |
In words that entered English from
the Greek the letters ch = "k" & ph =
"f" |
|
| ch = "k" |
ache chaos anchor
Michael character stomach Christ |
Vol. 9
905-908 |
| sch = "sk" |
school scholar scheme
scholastic Schenectady |
Vol. 9
908 |
| ph = "f" |
prophet sphere nephew
emphatic phases photograph |
Vol. 9
925-934 |
| |
Reversals: When the
sounds DON'T
follow the letter order
|
|
| -re = "ur" |
centre acre theatre
mediocre orchestre ogre |
Vol. 6
683 |
| -cle = "kul" |
miracle circle
vehicle obstacle spectacle icicles |
Vol. 6
610-611 |
| |
Even silent letters follow patterns |
|
| Silent b |
lamb comb dumb climb
limb numb thumb plumb |
Vol. 9
958 |
| Silent g |
gnat sign design
foreign reign deign gneiss gnome |
Vol. 9
959 |
| Silent h |
ghost spaghetti
silhouette ghetto |
Vol. 9
960 |
| Silent k |
know knowledge knife
knit knee kneel knights |
Vol. 9
959 |
| Silent l |
palm calm qualms
psalms alms |
Vol. 9
960 |
| Silent p |
pneumoniaptomaine
pseudo coup psychology |
Vol. 9
961 |
| Silent s |
debris corps
rendezvous apropos (entrée nous) |
Vol. 9
959 |
| Silent t |
debut depot rapport
escargot |
Vol. 9
959 |
| Silent w |
wrap sword whole
wrong Wright writ writing wrist |
Vol. 9
960 |
| Silent x |
faux pas, nouveaux
riches, beaux |
Vol. 9
949 |
| |
Vowel sounds in words whose base is
polysyllabic often are quite different than
what is taught in grades 1 & 2 |
|
| -e = "AY" |
debut fiancé fiancée
suede cliché attaché rendezvous |
Vol. 9
939-940 |
| -et = "AY" |
buffet cabaret
Chevrolet croquet bouquet valet |
Vol. 9
940 |
| -er =
"AY'r"(air) |
merit cherub inherit
perish Sheraton therapist Bering |
Vol. 9
941-944 |
| -eu = "OO" |
Reuben neutral deuce
sleuth leukemia euchre |
Vol. 9
957 |
| -ou = "OO" |
tourists goulash
routine rouge cougar coupe rendezvous |
Vol. 9
950 |
| -ou = "uh" |
courage double cousin
journey trouble |
Vol. 9
952 |
| -i = "EE" |
macaroni pinochle
debris technique fatigue Rita |
Vol. 9
961 |
| -y = long i |
cycle analyze
psychopath dynamite dynasty dynamic |
Vol. 9
953-956 |
| -y= short i |
gym dyslexia physical
physician gypped gypsies |
Vol. 9
953-956 |
| -i = "y" |
onion union junior
savior behavior battalion |
Vol. 9
953-956 |
| -au = "OH" |
chauffeur chauvinist
gauche mauve |
Vol. 9
949 |
| -eau = "OH" |
beau bureau plateau
trousseau chateau Rousseau |
Vol. 9
949 |
| -en= "AW'n" |
ensemble détente
entree entrepreneur ennui rendezvous |
Vol. 9
949 |
| -oi = "WAH" |
moi reservoir boudoir
repertoire memoirs voila |
Vol. 9
949 |
|
-u= "w" |
suite
suede cuisine suave linguistic persuasion |
Vol. 9
949 |
